| ORIGINAL ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2021 | Volume
: 16
| Issue : 2 | Page : 178-187 |
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Acute exacerbation in interstitial lung disease
Esam H Alhamad1, Joseph G Cal1, Nuha N Alrajhi1, Ahmad A AlBoukai2
1 Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
2 Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Correspondence Address:
Prof. Esam H Alhamad
Department of Medicine (38), Pulmonary Division, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925, Riyadh 11461
Saudi Arabia
 Source of Support: None, Conflict of Interest: None  | Check |
DOI: 10.4103/atm.atm_14_21
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BACKGROUND: Information regarding acute exacerbation (AE) in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) is limited.
OBJECTIVES: The objective of the study was to elucidate the clinical features and outcome of AE among ILD patients.
METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 667 consecutive ILD (nonidiopathic pulmonary fibrosis [IPF] ILD, n = 463; IPF, n = 204) patients. ILD patients meeting the 2016 definition of AE-IPF were identified. Information analyzed included pulmonary function tests, 6-min walk tests, and right heart catheterization data, among others. Cox regression models were used to identify independent predictors of survival.
RESULTS: AE was identified in non-IPF ILD (n = 113) and IPF (n = 74). Compared with AE-IPF patients, non-IPF ILD patients with AE were of younger age, predominantly women, and primarily nonsmokers (all, P < 0.0001). The estimated survival probabilities at 1, 3, and 5 years were 88%, 75%, and 70%, respectively, in the ILD without AE group; 80%, 57%, and 50%, respectively, in the non-IPF ILD with AE group; and 53%, 38%, and 28%, respectively, in the AE-IPF group (P < 0.0001 by log-rank analysis). Age, body mass index, IPF diagnosis, AE, diffusion capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide <35% predicted, 6-min walk distance <300 meters, and cardiac index were independent predictors of survival in the ILD cohort.
CONCLUSIONS: Non-IPF ILD patients with AE have distinct clinical features compared to AE-IPF patients. Importantly, AE is one of many independent risk factors associated with worsened outcomes regardless of the underlying ILD type.
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